Sources

Primary Sources

“Chesterfield Cigarettes.” LIFE Magazine vol. 74 (3 July 1919): 3. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033933378&view=1up&seq=16&skin=2021

“Colt Firearms.” LIFE Magazine vol. 74 (3 July 1919): 10. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033933378&view=1up&seq=16&skin=2021

“Sumter Remembers to Erect Beautiful Memorial to Her Heroes of Great War.” Americus Times-Recorder vol. 196 (26 Aug. 1921). Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89053204/1921-08-26/ed-1/seq-1/

“Women Who Buy Bonds Get Doughboy’s Kisses.” Omaha Daily Bee vol. 48, no. 51 (01 June 1919). Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1919-06-01/ed-1/seq-29/

Secondary Sources

Keene, Jennifer D. “United YWCA America: Understanding and Interpreting the American Experience in World War I.” History News 72, no. 3 (2017): 7–11. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26446167. 

McKible, Adam. “‘We Return Fighting’: Black Doughboys and the Battle of Representation.” American Periodicals 26, no. 2 (2016): 167–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44630679. 

Sandels, Robert. “The Doughboy: Formation of a Military Folk.” American Studies 24, no. 1 (1983): 69–88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40604848. 

Wingate, Jennifer. “Over the Top: The Doughboy in World War I Memorials and Visual Culture.” American Art 19, no. 2 (2005): 26–47. https://doi.org/10.1086/444480.